% --------------------------------------------------------------------
% LaTeX style file for PIERS Online Papers
% --------------------------------------------------------------------
\usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb,amsthm}
\usepackage{epsfig}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{subfigure}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{pstricks}
\usepackage{caption2}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{color}
%\usepackage{times}
\DeclareGraphicsRule{.jpg}{eps}{.bb}{}
% ---------------------------------------------------------------------

\typeout{Document Style Option `PIERS Online style Version 1.0'.}

%============================================================
%--- page format ------
\setlength   { \paperwidth    } {8.5in}
\setlength   { \paperheight   } {11in}
\setlength   { \hoffset       } {-1in}
\setlength   { \voffset       } {-1in}
\setlength   { \oddsidemargin } {1in}
\setlength   { \evensidemargin} {1in}
\setlength   { \textwidth     } {\paperwidth}
\setlength   { \textheight    } {\paperheight}
\newlength   { \bottommargin  }
\setlength   { \bottommargin  } {0.2in}
\setlength   { \topmargin     } {0.5in} %1.125in
\setlength   { \headheight    } {5pt}
\setlength   { \headsep       } {15pt}
\setlength   { \footskip      } {25pt}

\addtolength {\textwidth}  {-\oddsidemargin}
\addtolength {\textwidth}  {-\evensidemargin}
\addtolength {\textheight} {-\topmargin}
\addtolength {\textheight} {-\headheight}
\addtolength {\textheight} {-\headsep}
\addtolength {\textheight} {-\footskip}
\addtolength {\textheight} {-\bottommargin}
\flushbottom
%============================================================

%============================================================
\renewcommand{\ps@plain}{%
  \renewcommand{\@oddhead}{}%
  \renewcommand{\@evenhead}{}%
  \renewcommand{\@evenfoot}{\hfil\textrm{\thepage}\hfil}%
  \renewcommand{\@oddfoot}{\@evenfoot}%
}
%- - - - -
\fancypagestyle{1stpage} {
    %\fancyhead  [C] {Machine Copy for Proofreading, {\large PIERS O}{\small NLINE},~ {\large V}{\small OL}.~x, ~{\large N}{\small O}.~y,~ 2007}
    \fancyhead  [C] { }

    \fancyhead  [R] {\bf \thepage}

    \fancyfoot [L] { }
    \fancyfoot [C] { }
    \fancyfoot [R] { }

    \renewcommand      {\headrulewidth}{0.4pt}
    \renewcommand      {\footrulewidth}{0pt}
}
%- - - - -
\fancypagestyle{piers} {
    \fancyhead         { }
    \fancyhead  [L]   { }
    %\fancyhead  [C] {Machine Copy for Proofreading, {\large PIERS O}{\small NLINE},~ {\large V}{\small OL}.~x, ~{\large N}{\small O}.~y,~ 2007}
    \fancyhead  [C] { }
    \fancyhead  [R] {\bf \thepage}

    \fancyfoot [L] {}
    \fancyfoot [C] {}
    \fancyfoot [R] {}
  \renewcommand      {\headrulewidth}{0.4pt}
  \renewcommand      {\footrulewidth}{0pt}
}

%============================================================
%--- some newcommands ---
\def\pr{\protect}
\def\hh#1{\hspace{#1cm}}
\def\vv#1{\vspace*{#1}}
\def\col{&:&}
\def\pbc#1{\parbox[t]{.9\textwidth}{\begin{center}#1\end{center}}}
\def\pbl#1{\parbox[t]{.9\textwidth}{#1}}
%============================================================

%============================================================
\AtBeginDocument{%
    \authortitle { }
    \stateprov   { }
    \postalcode  { }
    \phone       { }
    \fax         { }
    \email       { }
    \misc        { }
    \presentedby { }
    \mailto      { }
    \topic   { }
    \chairman    { }
    \presentation{ }
}
%============================================================

%============================================================
%---  space for floats - figures and tables ---
\floatsep 0.9ex plus 0.3ex minus 0.6ex
\textfloatsep 4ex plus 3ex minus 1.5ex
\def \textfraction  {0.10}
\def \floatpagefraction {0.60}
\def \topfraction       {0.90}
\def \bottomfraction    {0.90}
%============================================================

%============================================================
%--- define title aspects ---
\date{}
\def\@titlepr     {}
\def\@author      {}
\def\@authorpr    {}
\def\@authortitle {}
\def\@affiliation {}
\def\@affiliationpr {}
\def\@address     {}
\def\@city        {}
\def\@citypr      {}
\def\@stateprov   {}
\def\@postalcode  {}
\def\@country     {}
\def\@countrypr   {}
\def\@phone       {}
\def\@fax         {}
\def\@email       {}
\def\@misc        {}
\def\@topic       {}
\def\@chairman    {}
\def\@presentation{}
\def\@presentedby {}
\def\@mailto      {}
\def\@time        {}
\def\@Snb         {}
\def\@Stitle      {}
\def\@Sdate       {}
\def\@Sday        {}
\def\@Sampm       {}
\def\@Sroom       {}
\def\@Sorg        {}
\def\@Schair      {}
\def\@key         {}

\def\@authorname      {{\bf Name        }}
\def\@affiliationname {{\bf Affiliation }}
\def\@addressname     {{\bf Address     }}
\def\@phonename       {{\bf Phone       }}
\def\@faxname         {{\bf Fax         }}
\def\@emailname       {{\bf E-mail      }}
\def\@miscname        {{\bf Misc.       }}
\def\@presentedbyname {{\bf\small Presenting author:      }}
\def\@mailtoname      {{\bf\small Corresponding author:   }}
\def\@topicname       {{\bf\small Suggested topic:        }}
\def\@chairmanname    {{\bf\small Session chaired by:     }}
\def\@presentationname{{\bf\small Preferred presentation: }}

\def\@voidkey{\pr -void-}
\def\title       #1 {\gdef\@title       {\pr #1} }
\def\titlepr     #1 {\gdef\@titlepr     {\pr #1} }
\def\author      #1 {\gdef\@author      {\pr #1} }
\def\authorpr    #1 {\gdef\@authorpr    {\pr #1} }
\def\authortitle #1 {\gdef\@authortitle {\pr #1} }
\def\affiliation #1 {\gdef\@affiliation{\pr #1}}
\def\affiliationpr #1 {\gdef\@affiliationpr{\pr #1}}
\def\address     #1 {\gdef\@address     {\pr #1} }
\def\city        #1 {\gdef\@city        {\pr #1} }
\def\citypr      #1 {\gdef\@citypr      {\pr #1} }
\def\stateprov   #1 {\gdef\@stateprov   {\pr #1} }
\def\postalcode  #1 {\gdef\@postalcode  {\pr #1} }
\def\country     #1 {\gdef\@country     {\pr #1} }
\def\countrypr   #1 {\gdef\@countrypr   {\pr #1} }
\def\phone       #1 {\gdef\@phone       {\pr #1} }
\def\fax         #1 {\gdef\@fax         {\pr #1} }
\def\email       #1 {\gdef\@email       {\pr #1} }
\def\misc        #1 {\gdef\@misc        {\pr #1} }
\def\presentedby #1 {\gdef\@presentedby {\pr #1} }
\def\mailto      #1 {\gdef\@mailto      {\pr #1} }
\def\topic       #1 {\gdef\@topic       {\pr #1} }
\def\chairman    #1 {\gdef\@chairman    {\pr #1} }
\def\presentation#1 {\gdef\@presentation{\pr #1} }
\def\time        #1 {\gdef\@time        {\protect #1} }
\def\Snb         #1 {\gdef\@Snb         {\protect #1} }
\def\Stitle      #1 {\gdef\@Stitle      {\protect #1} }
\def\Sday        #1 {\gdef\@Sday        {\protect #1} }
\def\Sampm       #1 {\gdef\@Sampm       {\protect #1} }
\def\Sdate       #1 {\gdef\@Sdate       {\protect #1} }
\def\Sroom       #1 {\gdef\@Sroom       {\protect #1} }
\def\Sorg        #1 {\gdef\@Sorg        {\protect #1} }
\def\Schair      #1 {\gdef\@Schair      {\protect #1} }
\def\key         #1 {\gdef\@key         {\protect #1} }
%============================================================

%============================================================
%--- Title output ---
\setcounter{tocdepth}{0}
\def\maketitle{\par \@maketitle}

%\renewcommand{\l@chapter}{\@dottedtocline{0}{0em}{0em}}

\def\@maketitle{\newpage
    %\vspace*{1mm}
   \begin{center}
    \vspace*{1mm}
       \setlength{\baselineskip}{4.0ex} %4.2ex
   {\Large\bf \@title}
   \end{center}
   \vspace{3ex}
   }
%============================================================

%============================================================
% Redefined in simple by QJ, 20060405
%--- Author output ---
\def\makeauthor{
    \vspace{-3.5ex}
    \par
    \begin{center}
        {\bf \@author}      \\
        {\rm \@affiliation,\ \@country} \\
    \end{center}
    \par
}
\def\nomakeauthor{}
%============================================================

%============================================================
%--- authors definition
\def\authors{\par
    \vspace{-6.2mm}
    \begin{center}
    }
\def\endauthors{
    \end{center}
    \par
    \vspace{-4mm}
 }
%============================================================

%============================================================
%%--- Abstract definition
%\def\abstract{
%    \par
%    \setcounter{section}{0}
%    \setcounter{figure}{0}
%    \setcounter{table}{0}
%    \setcounter{equation}{0}
%    \setcounter{footnote}{0}
%    \fontsize{10pt}{12pt}\selectfont\vspace*{0ex}
%    \vspace*{4ex}
%%   \fontsize{11pt}{13pt}\selectfont\vspace*{0ex}
%
%%      \immediate\write10{ \string\dotfill\string\end{minipage}}
%%      \immediate\write10{ & \thepage \string\\[2ex]}
%    }
%\def\endabstract{ }
%============================================================

%============================================================
%---Extended Paper's abstract definition
\newcommand \abstractname{Abstract}

\newenvironment{piersabstract}{%
      %\vspace{16pt plus3pt minus3pt}
        \begin{quote}
        \noindent{\bfseries \abstractname}---\rm\ignorespaces \fontsize{10pt}{11pt}\selectfont
      }{\end{quote}\vspace{2mm}}

%%============================================================
%%============================================================
%\def\piersabstract#1
%{\begin{quote}
%\noindent
%{\bf Abstract}---
%\fontsize{10pt}{11pt}\bf\selectfont
%#1
%\end{quote}
%}
%============================================================
%============================================================
%---Extended Paper definition
\def\paper{
    \par
    \setcounter{section}{0}
    \setcounter{figure}{0}
    \setcounter{table}{0}
    \setcounter{equation}{0}
    \setcounter{footnote}{0}
    \fontsize{11pt}{12pt}\selectfont
    \vspace*{4ex}
    }
\def\endpaper{ }
%============================================================



%\renewcommand{\thesection}{}
%\renewcommand{\section}{\@startsection
%    {section}
%    {1}
%    {-1em}
%    {\baselineskip}
%    {3ex}
%    {\fontsize{11pt}{13pt}\bf\selectfont}
%    }

%============================================================
%--- Bibliography definition
\def\thebibliography#1{\psection*{\small REFERENCES}\list
 {\arabic{enumi}.}
 {\settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}\leftmargin\labelwidth
 \advance\leftmargin\labelsep \usecounter{enumi}}
 \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}
  \parskip -0.7ex plus 0.5ex minus 0ex
 \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
 \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
\let\endthebibliography=\endlist
%============================================================

%============================================================
%%--- Index
%\renewenvironment{theindex}
%   {\newpage
%    \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{{\bf Author Index}}%
%    \pagestyle{plain}\let\item\@idxitem
%    {\LARGE\bfseries Author Index}
%    \begin{multicols}{3}%[{\LARGE\bfseries Author Index}]
%    \par\bigskip}%
%    {\end{multicols}}
%%============================================================

%============================================================
%--- Some new commands
\newcommand{\pinput}[1]{
    \vspace{-6.2mm}
    \input{#1}
    \vspace{-4mm}
    }
%============================================================

%============================================================\raggedright\centerline
%Redefining section
%\renewcommand{\thesection}{}
%\renewcommand{\section}{\@startsection
%    {section}
%    {1}
%    {-1em}
%    {\baselineskip}
%    {3ex}
%    {\fontsize{11pt}{13pt}\bf\selectfont}
%    }
%\renewcommand{\thesection}{}
% Redefining equation
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\@arabic\c@equation}

% Redefining figures
\renewcommand{\thefigure}{\@arabic\c@figure}

%============================================================
\def\pierssection#1{
    \bigskip
    \begin{center}
    {\fontsize{16}{16}\selectfont
     \underline{\bf section #1\rule[-.5ex]{0em}{.5ex}}}
    \end{center}\medskip
    \renewcommand*\@dotsep{1}
}
%============================================================

%
% Sections and Subsections
%
\let\psectionmark\@gobble
\let\psubsectionmark\@gobble
\let\psubsubsectionmark\@gobble
\let\@afterindenttrue\@afterindentfalse %make the first paragraph noindent

\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
\newcounter{psection}
\newcommand\psection{\@startsection {psection}{1}{\z@}%
                   {2ex \@plus 0.2ex \@minus 0.2ex}%
                   {1ex \@plus.2ex}%
                   {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries\raggedright}}
\newcounter{psubsection}[psection]
\newcommand\psubsection{\@startsection{psubsection}{2}{\z@}%
                                  {1ex \@plus 0.2ex \@minus 0.2ex}%
                                  {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
                                  {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries}}%
\newcounter{psubsubsection}[psubsection]
\newcommand\psubsubsection{\@startsection{psubsubsection}{2}{\z@}%
                                  {1ex \@plus 0.2ex \@minus 0.2ex}%
                                  {0.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
                                  {\reset@font\normalsize\itshape}}%
\renewcommand\thepsection{\arabic{psection}}
\renewcommand\thepsubsection{\thepsection.\arabic{psubsection}}
\renewcommand\thepsubsubsection{\thepsubsection.\arabic{psubsubsection}}
%\def\@chapapp{Section}

%\newcommand*\psectionmark[1]{} % 这个会用在页眉中，这里设为空
%\newcommand*\l@psection{\@dottedtocline{2}{2.0em}{2.3em}} % 这个用在目录中
%\newcommand*\toclevel@psection{2} %这个是 hyperref 用来决定书签层次的

\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
     \let\@svsec\@empty\else
     \refstepcounter{#1}\edef\@svsec{\csname the#1\endcsname. }\fi
     \@tempskipa #5\relax
      \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
        \begingroup #6\relax
             \ifnum #2=1
             \noindent{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}{\interlinepenalty \@M \uppercase{#8}\par}%
          \else
             \noindent{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}{\interlinepenalty \@M #8\par}%
          \fi
        \endgroup
       \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}\addcontentsline
         {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
                      \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
                    #7}\else
        \def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\relax  %% \relax added 2 May 90
                   \@svsec #8\csname #1mark\endcsname
                      {#7}\addcontentsline
                           {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
                             \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
                       #7}}\fi
     \@xsect{#5}}
%
\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{\@tempskipa #3\relax
   \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
     \begingroup #4\noindent{\hskip #1}{\interlinepenalty \@M #5\par}\endgroup
   \else \def\@svsechd{#4\hskip #1\relax #5}\fi
    \@xsect{#3}
    }

\def\ack{\psection*{\uppercase{Acknowledgment}}}